After visiting Shazia Sikander: The Exploding Company Man and Other Abstractions exhibit for the first time, it was clear to me that in order to understand the work I needed to first understand the cultural context behind it. Shazia’s featured work in the exhibit ranged from gauche paintings to video installations featuring images of her Indo-Persian miniature paintings, military processions and over-layed text. It was obvious that I needed to see her speak about her work. My research first led me to the Art 21: episode focusing on spirituality. Later on I attended the Artist Lecture and Gallery opening where Shazia continued to delve deeper into not only details behind her work but the reasons for her motivations both as a woman from pakistan and that influence on her choices as an artist.

Art 21Episode: Spirituality
In this episode we watch as Shazia creates her tea-dyed paper and then prepares a large-scale installation for a gallery exhibit. Each miniature painting must begin with the meditative process of tea-dying the paper. Slowly, the brush is applied to the paper and line after line of tea is applied and dragged across is, working the bead of tea horizontally down the paper until the entire piece is covered. It is important that this process be slow and steady so that she can ensure the dye is evenly applied. The Indo-Persian ancient art of ”Miniature painting comes out of old book painting, manuscript painting, it’s an old art form. All the strange piled up, stacked up perspective, interior spaces, and then all the suggestions of windows and doors which suggest the outside world, or the spiritual world or some notion of perfection. That kind of jewel-like translucency comes through is only because you have a discipline behind it. It takes many, many layers, at least 10 to 20 layers of color to build it up, and you have to be very careful because if your brush is loaded with too much water you lift off the earlier layers of pigment also because they’re not sealed (Sikander PBS).” The art of getting miniature painting right takes many years of study, and even then much attention must be paid to detail and patience to ensure that all previous efforts are not ruined. While attending the National College of the Arts in Lehore, Pakistan, the classroom was a very ritualistic environment where students were expected to leave their shoes outside the classroom, sit on the floor, keep the workspace very clean, and were encouraged to always keep their eyes a foot away from their work. Study was intensely focused on gaining technical accuracy and as Sikander explains, whose those things were established, “self expression came later.”

Featured in the borders of many miniature paintings lies the arabic calligraphic script. The script takes on an almost figure like or animal like shape and often represents Sikander’s memory of reading the Quran as a young girl and not thoroughly understanding it but still greatly appreciating the forms. “The beauty of the written word supercedes everything else.” She believes this kind of text has the ability to take you to another level visually because of the forms the overlapping layers of letters are able to take on. Her primary reasons for studying miniature painting were to eventually use her ability to paint traditionally to then find new ways of representing miniatures in a way that “questioned the relevance of it.” In later paintings Shazia explores combining Hindu beliefs with Muslim beliefs by changing the known form of popular Hindu goddess forms, veiling a once recognizable face and figure to acknowledge the muslim tradition of ‘not talking about faces’ and the oppression of women. Using layers of painted transparency paper Sikander produces large scale installations where the faces of women and painted figures are covered by the elusive sheaths of paper in certain areas and exposed in others, alluding to the idea of ‘veiling’ and ‘revealing.’ While Sikander branches out to work on installations and larger scale work, despite the labor intensive process and frustration of working on the miniatures, she always returns to her paintings, commenting that perhaps it is the shear act of doing it that gives her some inner peace.

The themes of harmony, balance, symmetry and exactness tie in closely with the physical practice of meditation. Included in Shazia’s lecture were several graphite and paper portraits of Monks from her time visiting the Luang Prabang Monastery. Commenting that “in the drawings also I think I’m very interested in silence”. While visiting, Shazia took photographs of the Monks then later used those as a reference for her photorealistic drawings produced over the course of several intensely focused days of drawing. Unlike her miniature paintings which often include a full spectrum of colors, the drawings were comprised from the simple materials of a few graphite pencils; the very personal and striking look in the eyes and faces of the Monks gives each of them a very unique and visually striking likeness that allows the viewer to easily relate to the work.

Shazia Sikander is a artist who utilizes the ancient art form of Islamic tradition in order to speak directly to the spiritually and politically charged issues of today’s Islam. Using primarily ink, gauche, and paper, and animated pieces beginning in 2001, Sikander’s work depicts popular iconography referencing images of the past to illustrate contemporary issues.
Works Cited:
“EPISODE: Spirituality | Art21 | PBS.” PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/art21/watch-now/episode-spirituality>.
Sikander, Shazia. “Shazia Sikander: The Exploding Company Man and Other Abstractions.” Artist Talk. MassArt Auditorium, Boston, MA. 3 Oct. 2011. Speech.
“The Quiet in the Land : Limited Edition Portfolio.” The Quiet in the Land : Art and Education Organization. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.thequietintheland.org/limited-april2.php>.
Images:
“Sikkema Jenkins & Co. – Shahzia Sikander – Works.” Sikkema Jenkins & Co. | Trisha Brown. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://sikkemajenkinsco.com/shahziasikander_works.html>.
Brown. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://sikkemajenkinsco.com/shahziasikander_works.html>.